What is Ganglion Cyst Removal?
Ganglion Cyst Removal, or ganglionectomy, is a surgical procedure to remove ganglion cysts. Ganglion cysts are noncancerous lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of your wrists or hands. They also can appear on your feet. The cysts are filled with a jellylike fluid and often feel firm or spongy.
Who is Suitable for Ganglion Cyst Removal?
Not all ganglion cysts require surgical removal. Many cysts do not cause symptoms and are discovered only during physical exams or imaging tests for other conditions. In these cases, observation might be the recommended course of action.
A person is suitable for a ganglion cyst removal if:
- The cyst causes significant pain or discomfort or limits their activity.
- The cyst is pressing on a nerve, causing numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness.
- The cyst is not responding to less invasive treatments such as aspiration (where the fluid is drained from the cyst) and immobilisation.
- The cyst is growing or not going away on its own over time.
What are the Benefits of Ganglion Cyst Removal?
- Pain Relief: Ganglion cysts can be painful, particularly when they swell significantly. Removal can alleviate this discomfort.
- Improved Mobility: If a cyst is interfering with joint movement, removing it can restore function and mobility.
- Elimination of Other Symptoms: Some cysts, particularly those pressing on nerves, can cause tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. Removal can alleviate these symptoms.
- Prevention of Recurrence: While it's not always possible to prevent a recurrence, surgical removal tends to have a lower recurrence rate than non-surgical treatment.
What are the Types of Ganglion Cyst Removal?
- Open Surgery:
The surgeon makes an incision over the site of the cyst and then cuts the cyst out. This is the traditional method of removal.
- Arthroscopic Surgery:
Instead of a large incision, the surgeon makes small incisions and uses an arthroscope (a small camera) to guide the cyst removal. This is a less invasive option.
- Aspiration:
While not technically surgical removal, aspiration involves puncturing the cyst with a needle and drawing out the fluid inside. It's a quick and simple procedure but has a higher recurrence rate than surgical removal.
The best removal method depends on the cyst's location and size, the patient's health status, and the surgeon's judgement. Always consult a surgeon to understand your situation and make an informed decision about the best course of action.
Alternative Options to Ganglion Cyst Removal
- Observation:
Many ganglion cysts don't cause symptoms; some may disappear over time. If a cyst isn't causing pain or discomfort, your doctor might recommend simply monitoring it.
- Immobilisation: Wearing a brace or splint can keep the affected joint still and reduce the pain caused by a ganglion cyst. However, this isn't a permanent solution.
- Aspiration involves using a needle and syringe to drain the fluid from the cyst. This procedure can relieve symptoms, but the cyst might refill and reappear.
What to do Before a Ganglion Cyst Removal?
- Discuss any medications or supplements you're taking with your doctor. You might need to stop taking certain drugs before surgery to reduce the risk of bleeding.
- Avoid eating or drinking for the time your doctor recommends before surgery.
- Make sure you have a plan for someone to drive you home after the procedure.
Ganglion Cyst Removal Procedure
Whether the removal is performed via open surgery or arthroscopy, the procedure generally follows these steps:
- The patient is given local or general anaesthesia.
- The surgeon makes an incision (the size depends on the type of surgery) over the ganglion cyst.
- The cyst is cut free from the surrounding tissue and removed. In the case of arthroscopic surgery, the surgeon will use a camera and small tools inserted through the incisions.
- The incision is then closed with stitches and covered with a bandage.
After a Ganglion Cyst Removal
After the surgery, you'll be taken to a recovery room, where you'll be closely monitored as your anaesthesia wears off.
Ganglion Cyst Removal Recovery Plan
Recovery from a ganglion cyst removal varies based on the person and the exact procedure, but some common steps might include:
- Rest and Elevation:
After the procedure, you'll need to rest and keep the affected area elevated to help reduce swelling.
- Pain Management:
Your doctor will likely recommend over-the-counter pain relievers. In some cases, prescription medication might be necessary.
- Care for the Wound:
Keep the area clean and dry to prevent infection. Follow your doctor's instructions about when you can remove the bandage.
- Hand Therapy or Rehabilitation: Depending on the location of the cyst, you may be referred for hand therapy to help restore movement and strength in the affected joint.
- Follow-up Appointments:
You'll have a follow-up appointment so your doctor can check on your healing.
Ganglion Cyst Removal Prognosis
The prognosis after ganglion cyst removal is generally excellent. Most people find relief from symptoms, and the cyst does not typically cause any long-term damage to the joint or tendon. However, there is a chance that the cyst can recur after treatment, with rates varying based on the type of treatment.
Ganglion Cyst Removal Risks
As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks associated with ganglion cyst removal, including:
- Infection:
There's always a risk of infection with any surgical procedure.
- Nerve Damage:
Although rare, nerves near the cyst can be damaged during surgery.
- Recurrence:
The cyst can potentially return, even after surgical removal.
- Stiffness: Some people might experience stiffness in the affected joint after surgery.
- Allergic reactions or complications from anaesthesia: These are rare but can occur.
Delaying Ganglion Cyst Removal
Suppose the cyst is not causing any symptoms and does not interfere with function or daily activities. In that case, observation may be an option, and there may be no serious consequences from delaying removal. However, if a ganglion cyst is causing significant pain, interfering with function, or causing neuropathic symptoms like tingling, numbness, or weakness, delaying treatment could lead to increased discomfort, further functional impairment, or worsening neurological symptoms. Always consult your doctor for the best advice based on your specific situation.